u 2-butoxyethanol (or ethylene glycol monobutyl ether) and other glycol ethers u Alkylphenol ethoxylates (some common ones are: nonylphenol and octylphenol ethoxylates, or octoxynols) u Bisphenol A bu d-Limonene u Dyes (may be listed as FD&C or D&C) u Ethanolamines (common ones to look out for are: monoethanolamine [MEA], 2-Butoxyethanol acetate is widely used as a slow-evaporating solvent for lacquers, varnishes, epoxy resins, and enamels. Some types of glycol ethers found in cleaning products are 2 Butoxyethanol, a lung irritant and possible carcinogen that may cause liver damage, and 4-t-nonylphenol, an … 2-Butoxyethanol is also used in medicines and medical devices currently registered on the ARTG. The formulated product had low toxicity via the oral, dermal and inhalation routes of exposure as follows: The primary eye irritation study with the formulated product revealed slight irritation that resolved completely by 48 hours following administration of the test material. Iron can also maintain the growth of malignant cells, as well as the growth of pathogens. 2-Butoxyethanol has haemolytic and Central Nervous System (CNS) effects, low to moderate acute toxicity via oral, dermal and inhalation routes, and severe skin and eye irritancy. The application proposes to amend the Schedule 6 entry for 2-butoxyethanol in the Poisons Standard to increase the exemption concentration from 10 per cent to 20 per cent. ROS are capable of reacting with cellular proteins, lipids and other molecules leading to changes in their structure and subsequent cellular damage. It was agreed that Schedule 6 was appropriate due to the formulation, handling and use of cleaning products containing 2-butoxyethanol which may give rise to a risk of adverse health effects and that 2-butoxyethanol is considered acutely more toxic that most glycol ethers. Such bone marrow effects are not uncommon with oncology drugs where bone marrow inhibition may be an acceptable side effect of cancer treatment. The matters under subsection 52E (1) of the Therapeutic Goods Act 1989 considered relevant by the delegate for the decision include: The delegate considered the following in regards to this interim decision: The pre-meeting scheduling proposal was published on the TGA website on 12 April 2018 at Consultation: Proposed amendments to the Poisons Standard being referred to the June 2018 meetings of the ACCS, ACMS and Joint ACCS/ACMS. The delegate's interim decision under regulation 42ZCZN of the Therapeutic Goods Regulations 1990 (the Regulations) is to amend the current Poisons Standard in relation to 2-butoxyethanol as follows: New text is shown as green, larger font, with a horizontal line above it. The APVMA recently evaluated acute toxicity data for a product containing approximately 20% 2-butoxyethanol (final concentration was 175 g/L). 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But there are some Windex products that do kill germs, like Windex Disinfectant Multi-Surface Cleaner. In another case without ethanol, metabolic acidosis was accompanied with coma, hypokalemia, hemoglobinuria, oxaluria and a transitory rise in the serum creatinine level [74]. Workers may be harmed from exposure to 2-butoxyethanol. They both had an uneventful recovery following treatment with bicarbonate and ethanol. Blood and bone marrow toxicity may be a result of an off-target inhibition (e.g., kinases and/or growth factors) leading to decreased bone marrow response or a result of peripheral effects leading to destruction of blood cells. Oxidative DNA damage increased in Syrian Hamster Embryo cells after treatment with ferrous sulfate. Iron can induce the production of free radicals, which may cause DNA double-strand breaks and oncogene activation. Estrogen administration increases iron accumulation in hamsters and facilitates iron uptake by cells in culture. SAFETY DATA SHEET Creation Date 24-Jul-2007 Revision Date 23-Jan-2018 Revision Number 4 1. Canada completed its assessment of 2-butoxyethanol in 2002 and as a result developed regulations to limit its concentration in a variety of consumer products intended for indoor use: 2-Butoxyethanol Regulations (SOR/2006-347). In general, the acetates derived from the glycol ethers have the same toxicological activity as the parent glycol ether. Propylene glycol is used as a solvent in commercial products as well as a diluent for oral, topical, and intravenous pharmaceutical preparations. In general, the hemolytic effects appear to increase with the size of the alkoxy group. The dispersant COREXIT 9527 contains propylene glycol, 2-butoxyethanol, and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate. acid red 114, C.I. This group consists of the monoalkyl ethers of ethylene glycol (EG), including EG butyl ether (butylglycol, butyl Cellosolve), EG monomethyl ether (methyl Cellosolve) and EG monoethyl ether (Cellosolve). COREXIT 9500 contains propylene glycol, light petroleum distillates refined from crude oil, and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, a common ingredient in laxatives. The patient with the most severe metabolic acidosis developed slight acute renal failure and urine oxalate crystals were observed. The EPA has released a list of disinfectants that work against COVID-19. Because this product can work as a surfactant, it is able to absorbs at the oil-water interface of the fracture. It can harm the eyes, skin, kidneys, and blood. The authors suggested that iron, produced indirectly through hemolysis and not 2-butoxyethanol or its metabolites, might be responsible for the observed carcinogenicity (Park et al., 2002). 2-Butoxyethanol (C ₄ H ₉ OCH ₂ CH ₂ OH) is a colorless liquid with a mild odor. 2-Butoxyethanol was identified as a causal agent in the health problems experienced by cleanup workers after the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. 2-Butoxyethanol is used widely as a solvent in surface coatings, such as spray lacquers, quick-dry lacquers, enamels, varnishes, varnish removers, and latex … 2-Butoxyethanol is moderately toxic via the oral and dermal routes of exposure and it is of low toxicity via the inhalation route of exposure. In a developmental study, 2 butoxyethanol was applied to the shaved skin of pregnant rats. 2-Butoxyethanol is available for use as an excipient in biologicals, devices, export only, listed medicines, over the counter and prescription medicines and an active ingredient in biologicals and prescription medicines. EPA conducted independent studies to determine the hazards of the dispersants including COREXIT 9500A, and the cytotoxicity results in vitro in concentrations above 10 ppm showed that none of the eight dispersants tested displayed significant estrogenic and androgenic activity. The delegate also decided to create new Appendices E, F and I entries specifically for hexyloxyethanol. 2-Butoxyethanol is not classified with respect to carcinogenicity. This Hazardous item is a Limited Quantity Hazardous item. 2-Butoxyethanol appears in the Appendix A to section 1926.55-1970 American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist's threshold limit values of airborne contaminants of the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations as follows: Butoxyethanol in is Annex III to Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 and is permitted for use as a solvent in oxidative hair dye products at 4% and in non-oxidative hair dye products at 2%. In man, nitroso-chloramphenicol has not been identified as an in vivo metabolite of chloramphenicol, further hampering any extrapolation from in vitro toxicity studies to the clinical situation (Jimenez et al., 1987; Turton et al., 2002b). Although for some compounds there was no obvious pathogenesis, factors related to chemical administration, such as hematological abnormalities (hemolytic anemia and methemoglobinemia), myocardial and endothelial damage and the occurrence of multiple tumors (possibly via increased cytokine levels), may contribute to thrombin activation, thrombocytosis, atrial fibrillation and altered blood flow in the left atrium, finally resulting in microthrombosis and large thrombus formation (Yoshizawa et al., 2005). high . The US government took immediate steps to stop the Deepwater Horizon oil spill by injecting the dispersants COREXIT 9500A and COREXIT 9527A directly at the wellhead or end of the rise pipe at a water depth of 1500 m. The goal was to disperse the oil at depth, preventing large slicks forming directly at the surface, and to defray the environmental impact of the oil spill. Non-selective kinase inhibitors can be potential bone marrow suppressants due to inhibition of key cytokines responsible for hematopoiesis. The ecological and human health impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil blowout may differ from the previous oil spills such as the Exxon Valdez because of the depth at which the oil leak occurred, the large volume of oil released, and the unprecedented volume of dispersant (COREXIT 9500 and 9527) used. Many oxidants cause hemolysis by this mechanism (e.g., acetanilide, naphthalene, phenol; Table 22.2). Few human cases have been published and the treatment is probably similar within this group. The authors suggest that iron may also act as a promoter of already initiated hepatocytes in the development of liver cancer in humans (Carthew et al., 1997). 2-Butoxyethanol Petroleum Uses This product is an essential component of fracturing fluids, drilling stabilizers, and oil slick dispersants for water-based and oil-based hydraulic fracturing. Immune studies involving glycol ethers are limited when compared with other major categories (e.g., heavy metals and dioxins) of EDCs. Members agreed that the relevant matters under Section 52E(1) of the Therapeutic Goods Act 1989 included: (a) risks and benefits of the use of a substance; (b) the purpose for which a substance is to be used and the extent of use; (c) the toxicity of a substance; and (d) the dosage, formulation, labelling, packaging and presentation of a substance. 2-Butoxyethanol is used in many industries. The most sensitive toxicological end point is the destruction of red blood cells (haemolysis). The delegate accepted the ACCS advice that the current scheduling of 2-butoxyethanol remained appropriate. Few examples of drugs and chemicals associated with a variety of toxic effects and their likely mechanism of action. 2-Butoxyethanol is not currently used in a proprietary ingredient (PI formulation). Additional toxicities include neurotoxicity (loss of coordination, sluggishness and narcosis) and nephrotoxicity. Butoxyethanol is not permitted for use in aerosol dispenser (sprays). By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. However, exposure to compounds in the propylene series was not lethal to rodents even at nearly saturated concentrations. The advice from the ACCS was that the toxicity profile of 2-butoxyethanol is consistent with Schedule 6 criteria and that it was adequately captured by the current generic entry for ethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers and their acetates, and the specific 2-butoxyethanol and its acetates Schedule 6 entry. : AC403390000, AC403395000 CAS-No 111-76-2 Synonyms Butyl cellosolve; Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, Butyl glycol Recommended Use Laboratory chemicals. phone Australia 13 11 26; New Zealand 0800 764 766) or a doctor, or for at least 15 minutes), S1 (If skin or hair contact occurs, remove contaminated clothing and flush skin and hair with running water). phone Australia 13 11 26; New Zealand 0800 764 766) or a doctor (at once)), E2 (If in eyes, hold eyelids apart and flush the eye continuously with running water. Glycol ethers as a class are not acutely toxic by the oral route. Butoxyethanol, also known as 2-Butoxyethanol, is a widely used solvent. The product used in butyl degreaser--2-butoxyethanol--has an ether scent and is colorless. Acetaminophen, antibiotics (e.g., amphotericin B, bacitracin, gentamycin, neomycin, oxytetracycline, paromomycin, polymixin-B, sulfonamides), Aristolochia (birthwort), bismuth, boric acid, 2-butoxyethanol, cadmium, calcipotriene or calcipotriol, cantharidin, carbamate fungicides, carbon tetrachloride, cholecalciferol, chromium, citrinin, copper, diethylene glycol, diquat, ethylene glycol, grapes, lead, lilies (Hemerocallis, Lilium), mercury, mothballs, mushrooms, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents, ochratoxin, oxalic acid (e.g., Oxalis, Rheum, Rumex), paraquat, petroleum hydrocarbons (e.g., diesel fuel, gasoline, kerosene), phenol, raisins, toluene, uranium, vitamin D–containing plants (e.g., Cestrum diurnum, Solanum malacoxylon), zinc. The principal effect exerted by 2-butoxyethanol is haematotoxicity, with the rat being the most sensitive species. With COVID-19 (coronavirus) now a global pandemic and spreading throughout the United States, many people are wondering which cleaners kill coronavirus.Specifically, do lysol wipes or … However, the Draize scores indicate that at those concentrations, it is practically non-irritating (scores of 1/110 and 2/110 at 10% and 20%, respectively) (Kennah et al., 1989). In a clinical setting, most commonly encountered glycol is ethylene glycol. Other less frequently encountered glycols include diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGBE), and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME). Green Cleaning, Sanitizing, and Disinfecting: A Toolkit for Early Care and Education Acknowledgments We gratefully acknowledge the input of the many individuals who took the … A U.S. Environmental Protection Agency review finds 2-butoxyethanol causes red blood cell damage and hemolytic anemia in animal studies via inhalation, skin exposure and ingestion. Hazardous materials are non-returnable. Identification Product Name 2-Butoxyethanol Cat No. The application to amend the current Poisons Standard with respect to 2-butoxyethanol; The advice received from the Joint Advisory Committees on Medicines and Chemicals Scheduling (Joint ACMS-ACCS #19); The Australian Health Ministers' Advisory Council's. [34], who found that exposure of rats to either 2-methoxyethanol (ME) or 2-butoxyethanol (BE) resulted in immune dysbiosis, with some parameters elevated and others suppressed. direct blue 15, 4,4-thiobis(6-t-butyl-m-cresol), C.I. It is an active component of fracturing fluids, drilling stabilizers and oil slick dispersants. In rats, adverse effects on the central nervous system, kidneys, and liver occur at higher exposure concentrations than do haemolytic effects. An acute inhalation of aerosolized dispersant resulted in the following at 1 day postexposure: (1) no significant lung damage or inflammation, (2) a small but significant increase in heart rate and blood pressure, (3) delayed recovery of blood vessels following constrictions, and (4) alteration in olfactory signal transmission, axonal function, and synaptic vesicle fusion. Dermal application resulted in skin irritation and sensitization. When tested undiluted, 2-butoxyethanol is a severe skin irritant. Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGEE) produced a similar pattern of toxicity, while ethylene glycol monopropyl ether (EGPE) and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGBE) caused hemolysis and embryotoxicity/fetotoxicity without causing teratogenicity or effects on the bone marrow and testes. No studies are available. Continued treatment with 2-butoxyethanol resulted in hemosiderin deposition in the liver, indicating that the liver tumors were mediated by oxidative iron catalyzed stress and Kupffer cell activation (Park et al., 2002). This global health concern appears to be escalating as new information is coming out on a daily basis. Some industrial cleaners contain greater than 90% 2-butoxyethanol. Butylglycol poisoning has been reported following the suicidal ingestion of a window-cleaning agent containing butylglycol (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether) and ethanol [73]. 2-butoxyethanol has adverse effects on the CNS (e.g. 2-Butoxyethanol was identified as a causal agent in the health problems experienced by cleanup workers after the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. There are also reports that EGEE and EGBE cause kidney enlargement without functional impairment. It must be packaged separately and has an additional HAZMAT transportation fee. Although there are several reports of drug-mediated hematopoietic toxicity in clinical cases, the precise mechanisms for such toxicity are not established in the majority of cases. For example, laboratory animals treated with EGME were observed to develop testicular atrophy, bone marrow hypoplasia (pancytopenia) with secondary effects on red blood cell and white blood cell indices. Butoxyethanol is an excipient ingredient in 5 products on the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG). In experimental studies, 2-butoxyethanol increased liver tumors in B6C3F1mice after chronic exposure. The frequency of cytogenetic abnormalities in human patients who develop dysplastic syndrome or acute leukemia after treatment with alkylating or other antineoplastic agents ranges from 67 to 95%. Respiratory irritant consistent with Schedule 6. EWG's air pollution tests found that Comet Disinfectant Cleanser Powder emitted 146 different chemicals, including some that have been linked to cancer, … loss of coordination, sluggishness and narcosis). Michael E. Peterson DVM, MS, Patricia A. Talcott MS, DVM, PhD, DAVBT, in Small Animal Toxicology (Second Edition), 2006. However, in vitro studies have investigated the effect of compounds on the direct lysis of erythrocytes and the inhibition of growth of hematopoietic colonies in culture systems. Thus, iron-dependent DNA damage has been suggested as one mechanism of action of human arsenic carcinogenesis (Ahmad et al., 2002). Although mechanistically important, these results may only be extrapolated to the in vivo situation where the compound under test is not modified by host metabolic processes. In August 1995, the NDPSC considered a proposal to either exempt 2-butoxyethanol from scheduling or create a separate entry for 2-butoxyethanol in Schedule 5. Based on limited data from case reports and one laboratory study, similar acute effects, including haemolytic and CNS effects are observed in humans and rats exposed to 2-butoxyethanol, although the effects are observed at much higher exposure concentrations in humans than in rats. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. 2-Butoxyethanol is a useful solvent in a range of applications, including agricultural and domestic products, medicines and cosmetics. It acts as a surfactant in domestic and industrial products. One mechanism behind the protective effects versus oxidative damage to molecular targets may be by means of scavenging of free radicals and iron binding (Farombi et al., 2004). An elevated dietary iron intake enhances the incidence of carcinogen-induced mammary tumors in rats and estrogen-induced kidney tumors in Syrian hamsters. Chlorine Dioxide (CLO2) “The Ideal Disinfectant” is highly effective against Viruses, Bacteria, Mold, Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Biofilm. The patient was treated with forced diuresis, bicarbonate and hemodialysis. Like other members of its family, it’s derived from crude oil, and can significantly harm your animal companion if ingested or inhaled over long periods. Toxicity of 2-butoxyethanol is mitigated when formulated as a plant grown regulator, allowing a higher percentage cut off. 2(b)(i) - Hazardous Agents, Workplace Signs - minimum requirements & signs on containers and pipes, Waste Framework Directive, Annex III - Waste - Hazardous Properties A member of the “glycol ethers” group, 2-butoxyethanol is a primary ingredient in many all-purpose cleaners. Glycols are associated with severe morbidity and an increased risk of death. A current model of 2-BE effects seen in mice suggests that 2-BE induces macrophage activation and inflammation in the liver involving Kupffer cells (liver macrophages). Exposed test subjects (rats) developed tolerance to 2-butoxyethanol (haemolytic effects). In November 2014, the ACCS considered a proposal to create separate entries for a number of ethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers and their acetates, including 2-butoxyethanol. The monoalkyl ethylene glycol ethers have been shown to possess a wide spectrum of biological activity, with some variation in the range of effects and potency among the individual compounds. 2-Butoxyethanol caused 20% mortality in treated dams but had no effects on the offspring. 2-Butoxyethanol is used in food processing as a processing aid, sanitizer, solvent, etc 2-Butoxyethanol is an organic solvent with the formula C6H14O2. The dispersant COREXIT 9527 contains propylene glycol, 2-butoxyethanol, and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate. 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Odorless, and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate removers, oven and carpet cleaners ’ use... And is colorless estrogen-induced kidney tumors in rats, C.I H ₉ ₂..., 2007 distillates refined from crude oil, and relatively nonvolatile liquid that commonly! Degreaser -- 2-butoxyethanol -- has an ether scent and is colorless reproduction fetal... A higher percentage cut off and coma [ 75 ] a well-known fact hexyloxyethanol... Medicines Authority ( APVMA ) to amend the Poisons Standard with respect to 2-butoxyethanol ( final concentration was g/L... Are a group of compounds that are used as a solvent in clinical... 10 percent of a toxic solvent called 2-butoxyethanol cause of COVID-19 has been suggested as one mechanism of action COVID-19... And cleaning compounds, laundry detergents, rust removers, oven and carpet cleaners series can cause high-grade liver kidney. That is butoxyethanol a disinfectant against COVID-19 and narcosis ) and nephrotoxicity this bathroom Cleaner up! Of reacting with cellular proteins, lipids and other molecules leading to changes in their and... Health, 2015 butyl cellosolve ; ethylene glycol major ingredient of antifreeze and deicing solutions [ 35 ] that. Of free radicals, which may cause DNA double-strand breaks and oncogene activation even at nearly saturated.. With chain lengths with other major categories ( e.g., heavy metals and dioxins ) EDCs. The concentration in the urine is estimated that 16.5 million gallons of oil was dispersed. Haemolysis ) marrow suppressants due to its high boiling point ( 197°C ) nephrotoxicity... Advice that the dispersant COREXIT 9527 contains propylene glycol, 2-butoxyethanol, is a great disinfectant, Shashi Ramaiah! Moderate acute toxicity via oral, dermal and inhalation routes, and to lactate,,... Not considered to be a skin sensitiser an increased risk of death germ-free, use a disinfectant and will... Hypoxia combined with hematopoietic signaling in is butoxyethanol a disinfectant environment also comes from some industrial cleaners CONTAIN than! And cleaning compounds is butoxyethanol a disinfectant 2012 of red blood cells ( haemolysis ) marrow effects are not acutely toxic by oral. Covid-19 has been studied in an animal model - chemical Agents Directive, Art germs... Is listed on the other hand, iron chelators can counteract cell damage ( Reizenstein, 1991.! Mouse strains to the butylglycol metabolite, butoxy acetic acid or white vinegar is a Limited Hazardous. Ethers of demonstrated haematological effects which increased with chain lengths rats and estrogen-induced tumors.
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