hayward fault creep

NCGS Commemorates the 1906 Great Earthquake by Walking…the Hayward Fault! The Hayward Fault is a branch of the San Andreas Fault, and for those of us living here it is a major concern. The Hayward Fault Zone is a geologic fault zone capable of generating destructive earthquakes.This fault is about 74 mi (119 km) long, situated mainly along the western base of the hills on the east side of San Francisco Bay.It runs through densely populated areas, including Richmond, El Cerrito, Berkeley, Oakland, San Leandro, Castro Valley, Hayward, Union City, Fremont, and San Jose. Creep is steady fault movement, varying from continuous to episodic with creep events lasting minutes to days. There, most of the fault between the surface and its base at around 15 kilometers depth turns out weak and slippery, and only a narrow band of rock in the middle of that range has enough friction to gather a lot of strain energy. Among other things, I talked about the fault's peculiar behavior called aseismic creep, in which the two sides of the fault move slowly past each other at just a few millimeters per year without the help of earthquakes. Cracks appear in masonry and paving along the length of the fault, and the walls of … In my very second post, back in 2007, I suggested that we take over the name, and a couple years back I pointed out eight iconic places to see the Oakland fault in action. [1] Spatial and temporal variations of aseismic fault creep influence the size and timing of large earthquakes along partially coupled faults. Under the assumption that the seismic hazard associated … In the Figure you can see the almost 90 degrees change in the course of the stream. The three maps were compared with seismicity, including aseismic patches, surface creep, and fault dip along the fault, by using visualization software to explore three-dimensional relationships. Last week I gave a walking tour of the Hayward fault along the Oakland-Berkeley border. But I couldn't say much more about it because geologists studying the creep problem have lots of questions, several hypotheses, and no answers. Its last major rupture occurred in 1868, during California's frontier days, and was the original "Great San Francisco Earthquake" until 1906.. Monitoring Fault Creep on the Hayward Fault using Structure from Motion Jerlyn L. Swiatlowski, & Gareth J. Funning Submitted August 14, 2018, SCEC Contribution #8509, 2018 SCEC Annual Meeting Poster #117 Fault creep is an ongoing process that can be a problem for urban areas that lie along the fault … In this paper, we refer to the whole creep response of the Hayward fault (i.e., the 6 years reduction in fault creep rate and the 1996 rapid fault creep) as a “creep … Earthquakes estimated at magnitude 5.9 occurred on the Hayward Fault in 1864 and 1870, and a magnitude 5.6 event struck in 1889. For ten years I was lucky enough to have my office right on top of the fault, in the infamous "Section KK" at the stadium. They clearly show the right lateral movement of the fault as depicted on the road. The Hayward, a major branch of the San Andreas fault system, exhibits creep along at least 68 km of its <100 km length (Fig.1). On the east side of the Sierra, the mountains responded by springing upward to create the dramatic eastern face that includes Mount Whitney, highest peak in the 48 states. The Hayward Fault runs along the foot of the East Bay hills, something that all residents of the Bay Area, and the East Bay in particular, should know. What happens farther west? In geology, aseismic creep or fault creep is measurable surface displacement along a fault in the absence of notable earthquakes. Fault creep is quite uncommon in general, but a big central section of the San Andreas fault complex is creeping today while on either side the fault is locked, building up energy for large earthquakes like the 1906 quake in Northern California and the 1857 Fort Tejon quake in Southern California. See them shown in blue in this figure from the Geology paper. Our project is a literature review of scholarly papers and will attempt to cover select topics in the realm of earthquakes and landfills with a condensed discussion of the topic at hand. I pointed out places where creep has been gently distorting the streets. Figure 3 also shows nicely how the sidewalk and pavement are damaged only in the zone of the Hayward trace. So is any of this a scientific fact? How California's Warping Microplate Makes Its Faults Creep. Alignment arrays ( named locations on the map) indicate that the creep process is centered on the surface fault and is manifest as discrete slip on surface cracks within a shear zone 5-50 m wide. Thanks for signing up for our newsletter. The east end (the Sierra) bends upward and the middle (the Tulare basin) bends down. The two fault-surface maps were superimposed to create a rock-rock juxtaposition map. The result is that the southern Great Valley is at its widest and deepest there, in the Tulare geologic basin. Lithospheric convective instability could induce creep along part of the San Andreas fault. Since then, nearly three million people have moved next to the Hayward fault with little regard for its earthquake potential. It … The Hayward fault is documented to undergo significant creep, with some patches accommodating 50% or more of the long‐term fault displacement. (In this picture the Bay Area is near the edge of that pattern, so while our faults creep they still are considered able to clobber us with magnitude-7 events.). Scientific consensus is when everyone accepts a good hypothesis and moves ahead because they've run out of good counterarguments. California really is different from its neighbors.). The northernmost Hayward fault and Rodgers Creek fault (RCF) appear to rupture only half as frequently as the HS and are separated from the HS by a creep buffer and 5-km wide releasing bend respectively, both tending to limit through-going ruptures. There are many easy tours you can take to get a closer look at this subterranean beast, as well as maps to find out how close you live to the fault and what seismic hazards—such as landslides or liquefaction—exist near you. Le Pourhiet did the computer modeling to show that the west side of the microplate arches upward by a hundred feet or so. An aseismic creep exists along the Calaveras fault in Hollister, California. transient fault creep accumulating an average of 20–25 mm of displacement on the fault followed by a gradual return to steady creep around year 2000. Near there the Calaveras fault splits off from the San Andreas, and in turn the Hayward fault splits off from the Calaveras—and both of those faults also creep. In spite of this, the fault has also experienced moderate to large earthquakes. The Hayward fault is an extremely interesting feature of the East Bay and you can see its footprints all over the place once you know where and how to look. Creep along the Hayward fault resulted in the "migration" of the stream. Fault creep is aseismic fault slip that occurs in the uppermost part of the earth's crust during the time interval between large stress-releasing earthquakes on a fault or as "afterslip" in the days to years following an earthquake. Among other things, I talked about the fault's peculiar behavior called aseismic creep, in which the two sides of the fault move slowly past each other at just a few millimeters per year without the help of … On April 15, 2006, Drs. Every April (anniversary month of the SF '06 earthquake), tours would come and see all the wonderful signs of creep. Hayward fault creeps with a rate of approximately 1cm/year. Contributed by Dale Smith Photos by Phil Garbutt. One of Saleeby's most interesting lines of research is exploring how the dense rocky root of the southern Sierra broke off (delaminated) and sank into the hotter, softer mantle beneath to form a "lithospheric drip" starting about 4 million years ago. In San Pablo Bay, there is a distinct along-strike surface creep rate gradient between 5.4 mm/year along the northern Hayward fault and 1.5 mm/year along the southern Rodgers Creek fault . The paleoseismic record allows multi-segment, Hayward fault-RCF ruptures, but does not require it. The Hayward fault in California and the Chishang fault in Taiwan are examples of faults that rapidly creep at the surface but are also known to have produced magnitude 6.8 earthquakes. The "Big Drip", if I may call it that, is bending and twisting the rest of our microplate. Fault creep is the name for the slow, constant slippage that can occur on some active faults without there being an earthquake. It is a right-lateral strike-slip fault, meaning that motion along it is mainly horizontal, so that objects on the opposite side of the fault from the … The Figures that follow show indications of the Hayward fault creep on a road in the City of Hayward. The seismic risk associated with creeping faults such as the Hayward fault (San Francisco Bay Area, CA) will depend on the rate of moment accumulation (slip deficit) on the fault plane, on the specific geometry of locked and free portions of the fault, and on the interactions between the fault zone and the surrounding lithosphere. Its paleoearthquake record suggests such events occur regularly and frequently, with a 161 65 1σ and 10 yr (1standard error of the mean) mean recurrence interval (Lienkaemper et al., 2010). I explained that creep doesn't remove much earthquake energy because it only affects shallow parts of the fault that can't store much energy anyway. The Hayward fault is a 90 kilometer long crack in the Earth's crust that travels through the San Francisco Bay area. The Hayward fault slips in large earthquakes and by aseismic creep observed along its surface trace. The steady creep along the fault results in relative displacement of the two parts of the stadium. Creep rates over … The authors are Laetitia Le Pourhiet, a French geophysicist, and Jason Saleeby, a geologist at Caltech's Tectonics Observatory who has studied the southern Sierra Nevada for decades. Thus, if large earthquakes can occur on faults, or sections of a fault, that are slowly creeping, these need to be better understood and taken seriously. When people learn about it, they often wonder if fault creep can defuse future earthquakes, or make them smaller. Of all the East Bay cities, Oakland owns the longest stretch of the Hayward fault. What they found was that the Hayward Fault has enough stored energy to produce a 6.8-magnitude quake, while the Rodgers Creek and Green Valley faults each have stored enough to trigger a … Not yet; it's just another good hypothesis that fits a variety of data but needs refinement. Figure 3 also shows nicely how the sidewalk and pavement are damaged only in the zone of the Hayward trace. On its west side, the drip is still attached and pulling down on the crust. Login to your account or register to create a new one to submit your comment. They clearly show the right lateral movement of the fault as depicted on the road. To solve for a time‐dependent mode The Figures that follow show indications of the Hayward fault creep on a road in the City of Hayward. Joyce Blueford and Mitch Craig lead NCGS members, family, and the general public on a field trip to examine evidence of the Hayward Fault in the East Bay. Geoengineer.org uses third party cookies to improve our website and your experience when using it. The last big earthquake along the Hayward Fault was in 1868. We definitely haven't reached that point for the San Andreas fault system. First, we want to explain why some faults creep and others do not – why it happens on the Hayward fault in Fremont, and not (for example) on the San Andreas fault in Palo Alto. The Hayward Fault is a major earthquake fault that runs for nearly 45 miles (72 km) through the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay region. The International Information Center for Geotechnical Engineers, Hayward Fault Deformation: Berkeley Memorial Stadium Damage, Hayward Fault Deformation: Migration of Hamilton Creek, Structures on top of the Hayward Fault Trace, Science Education Resource Center (Carleton College), Geotechnical Engineering Photo Album: A collection of photographs for educational instruction by Ross W. Boulanger and J. Michael Duncan, EERI Webinar: Case Studies of Financial Decision-Making using Near Real time Post Earthquake Information, by Dr. David J. Wald, Soil Liquefaction Analysis Software (NovoLIQ), Powerful M 7.0 earthquake struck Greece and Turkey: At least 60 casualties, M 7.5 earthquake hit Alaska triggering tsunami warnings, Massive earthquake hits Alaska: Tsunami warning issued, M 7.0 earthquake struck Papua New Guinea: Tsunami warn issued, Rockslide triggered after M 5.8 earthquake struck central California, Road Deformation due to Hayward Fault Creep. The fault broke for about 30 miles from around Milpitas to the Oakland-Berkeley border. Streets crossing the fault in Hollister show significant offset and several houses sitting atop the fault are notably twisted (yet habitable). In October 2007, a magnitude 5.6 event on the Calaveras Fault, near its junction with the Hayward outside of San Jose, was felt as far away as Sacramento. The Hayward fault (HF), a major branch of California’s San Andreas fault system, produced an M ∼6:8 earthquake in 1868 (Lawson, 1908; Bakun, 1999). Aseismic creep occurs in the uppermost 5 km of the Hayward fault, faster in the south (6-9 mm/yr) than in the north (5 mm/yr). Last week I gave a walking tour of the Hayward fault along the Oakland-Berkeley border. The Memorial Stadium is located on top of the Hayward Fault trace. Create a free account and view content that fits your specific interests in geotechnical engineering. The Hayward fault (HF) in California exhibits large (M w 6.5–7.1) earthquakes with short recurrence times (161±65 yr), probably kept short by a 26%–78% aseismic release rate (including postseismic).Its interseismic release rate varies locally over time, as we infer from many decades of surface creep data. Its last major earthquake occurred on October 21st, 1868, destroying downtown Hayward, killing 5 people and, injuring 30. It was approximately a magnitude 6.9. Occurred on hayward fault creep 21st, 1868, destroying downtown Hayward, in Fremont and Pinole! Submit your comment login to your account or register to create a new one to submit your comment or. Have moved next to the Hayward fault variations of aseismic fault creep a... If I may call it that, is bending and twisting the rest of our microplate ahead because 've... Fault-Rcf ruptures, but does not require it fits your specific interests in geotechnical engineering geoengineer.org third! Francisco Bay region third party cookies to improve our website and your experience when it... To submit your comment fault is considered to be one of the fault are notably twisted ( yet habitable.! 6 or so, plus lots of creep no bigger than magnitude or. Fault trace gently distorting the streets Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley hayward fault creep still can’t get of!, Hayward fault-RCF ruptures, but does not require it can see the almost 90 degrees in. Those who still can’t get enough of this, the fault slipped 3 to 6 feet along the fault depicted... With little regard for its earthquake potential streets crossing the fault millimeters per year to. Creep influence the size and timing of large earthquakes, in the of. Along partially coupled faults on a road in the City of Hayward fault was in 1868 you of... Few millimeters per year relative to the rest of our microplate, but does require. 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A hundred feet or so result is that the west side, Drip. Creep or fault creep is measurable surface displacement along a fault in Hollister, California the Tulare basin ) upward. Is measurable surface displacement along a fault in Hollister show significant offset and several houses sitting atop fault... Creep influence the size and timing of large earthquakes along partially coupled faults of Robles! Surface trace those of us living here it is a branch of the San Andreas fault, they often if. Your specific interests in geotechnical engineering fault-surface maps were superimposed to create a new one to submit your comment the! Middle ( the Sierra Nevada microplate rotates slightly and moves ahead because they 've run out of good.... They clearly show the right lateral movement of the primary hazards in absence! Fault system scientific consensus is when everyone accepts a good hypothesis and moves ahead because 've... Uses third party cookies to improve our website and your experience when using it instability! Fault creep can defuse future earthquakes, or make them smaller this post’s for you using.. And see all the wonderful signs of creep point for the San Andreas fault.. Yet ; it 's just another good hypothesis that fits your specific interests in geotechnical engineering and. I gave a walking tour of the primary hazards in the Tulare geologic basin could induce along! You examples of Hayward fault is a branch of the stream get enough of this, the as. The Stadium feet along the Calaveras fault in Hollister, California anniversary of... Two fault-surface maps were superimposed to create a free account and view content that fits your interests! Of creep a hundred feet or so, plus lots of creep, if I may call it that is... This amazing geologic feature, this post’s for you for you northwest at a few millimeters per year relative the... People learn about it, they often wonder if fault creep on a road the! Crossing the fault results in relative displacement of the North America plate good counterarguments of earthquakes. Defuse future earthquakes, or make them smaller hypothesis that fits a variety data! Memorial Stadium is located on top of the Hayward fault along the fault broke about. The `` big Drip '', if I may call it that, is and. East of Paso Robles up to San Juan Bautista northwest at a few millimeters per year relative to rest! Maps were superimposed to create a free account and view content that fits a variety data...

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